GraphMath

External Presence

This page lists public platforms where GraphMath materials, diagrams and educational resources are available.

Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons

Selected GraphMath visualizations have been uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and incorporated into specific sections of Wikipedia articles.

Wikipedia article section Wikimedia Commons file
Projection (linear algebra) — Orthogonal projections
Projection onto a subspace shown geometrically.
Thumbnail of projection diagram Least squares projection geometry
Projection (linear algebra) — Finding projection with an inner product
Projection using orthonormal basis and inner products.
Thumbnail of orthogonal projection using an orthonormal basis Orthogonal projection using an orthonormal basis
Determinant
Determinant as signed volume under multiplication by elementary matrices.
Thumbnail of determinant as signed volume under multiplication by elementary matrices Determinant as signed volume under multiplication by elementary matrices
Ordinary least squares — Projection
Least squares as projection onto the column space.
Thumbnail of geometric interpretation of least squares for three observations Geometric interpretation of least squares (three observations)
Row and column spaces — Relation to the left null space
Diagram of the four fundamental subspaces.
Thumbnail of four fundamental subspaces diagram Four fundamental subspaces of a matrix (diagram)
Change of basis
Coordinate change between the standard basis and a new basis.
Thumbnail of change of basis coordinate mapping Change-of-basis coordinate mapping (matrix representation)
Change of basis
Coordinate transformation between two non-standard bases.
Thumbnail of change of basis between two bases Change of basis — coordinate transformation between bases
Shear mapping — Higher dimensions
Animated 3D example of elementary shear of x by y.
Thumbnail of 3D elementary shear of x by y animation 3D elementary shear of x by y
QR decomposition — Square matrix
Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization and upper-triangular structure.
Thumbnail of 2D geometric interpretation of QR decomposition QR decomposition geometric interpretation (2D)
QR decomposition — Example
3D geometric interpretation of QR factorization.
Thumbnail of 3D geometric interpretation of QR decomposition QR decomposition geometric interpretation (3D)
Rodrigues' rotation formula — Derivation
Animation of vector rotation around an axis using Rodrigues' rotation formula.
Thumbnail of Rodrigues rotation formula animation Rodrigues rotation formula animation
Rodrigues' rotation formula — Matrix notation
Step-by-step geometric construction of Rodrigues' rotation formula.
Thumbnail of Rodrigues rotation formula steps diagram Rodrigues rotation formula steps diagram
Axis–angle representation — Example
Animated cube rotation illustrating axis–angle representation.
Thumbnail of axis-angle representation of a cube rotation animation Axis-angle representation of a cube rotation
Gaussian elimination — Definitions and example of algorithm
Row reduction interpreted as multiplication by elementary matrices.
Thumbnail of Gaussian elimination as multiplication by elementary matrices Gaussian elimination as multiplication by elementary matrices
Gaussian elimination — Row operations
Row reduction interpreted as changes in the row normal planes under multiplication by elementary matrices.
Thumbnail of Gaussian elimination as multiplication by elementary matrices row view Gaussian elimination as multiplication by elementary matrices - row view
System of linear equations — Row reduction
Animated row-normal-plane view of row reduction for a linear system.
Thumbnail of row reduction of a linear system row normal planes animation Row reduction of a linear system - row normal planes animation

Open Repositories and Archives

GraphMath materials are also available through public repositories and long-term archives.

GitHub repository
Source materials, diagrams and structured content are published in a public repository.

Zenodo DOI archive
Selected GraphMath materials are archived on Zenodo for long-term access and citation.

Open Educational Platforms

Selected GraphMath materials are also listed on public educational platforms.

OER Commons — Geometric Interpretation of Least Squares (OLS)
Public OER listing for the least squares resource.

MERLOT materials
Public MERLOT listing for GraphMath Linear Algebra educational resources.

Articles and Essays

Selected GraphMath articles are also available on Medium.

GraphMath on Medium
GraphMath publication for articles and essays on linear algebra and geometric explanation.

Why changing a regression model changes the projection
Article on how model changes alter the projection in least squares geometry.